怎样把系统做成镜像（linux系统怎么做成镜像）

在 RHEL 7.3 上面搭建好了 Apache Web 服务，现在想把 RHEL 8.1 系统镜像上传到 Apache Web 根目录，但由于 RHEL 8.1 系统镜像的大小为 7.31 GB，已经超过 4 GB ，通过 rz 无法上传。解决方法是把 RHEL 8.1 系统镜像挂载到 RHEL 7.3 系统上再制作一个新系统镜像，然后把新系统镜像移动到 Apache Web 根目录里面的系统镜像目录即可，也可以先到 Apache Web 根目录里的系统镜像目录再制作新系统镜像，这样就可以省去移动新系统镜像的步骤了。

环境

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3
VMware Workstation Pro 14

添加镜像

[root@Jaking ~]# ifconfig
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe84:eae5  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        ether 00:0c:29:84:ea:e5  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 636  bytes 53068 (51.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 508  bytes 85327 (83.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:25:a2:80  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@Jaking ~]# df -h      
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   48G  4.9G   41G  11% /
devtmpfs               478M     0  478M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  489M     0  489M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  489M  6.7M  482M   2% /run
tmpfs                  489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0               3.6G  3.6G     0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/sdd                40G   27G   14G  67% /download
/dev/sda2             1014M  145M  870M  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-data   10G   33M   10G   1% /data
tmpfs                   98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
[root@Jaking ~]# ls /dev/sr*
/dev/sr0  /dev/sr1
#/dev/sr1为新添加的镜像

制作新系统镜像

切换到 Apache Web 根目录里的系统镜像目录

[root@Jaking ~]# cd /download/系统镜像/
[root@Jaking 系统镜像]# ls
CentOS-7.6-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso  rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso    Windows 7 x64.iso
LaoMaoTao.iso                   ubuntu-18.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso  Windows Sever 2008.iso
rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso  Windows 2003 SP2.iso
[root@Jaking 系统镜像]# dd if=/dev/sr1 of=RHEL-8.1.iso
15335424+0 records in
15335424+0 records out
7851737088 bytes (7.9 GB) copied, 174.329 s, 45.0 MB/s

通过Web界面查看新系统镜像

http://192.168.10.10/系统镜像/

下载镜像

用 watch ifstat 实时查看网卡流量

总结

至此，镜像已经制作成功，下载后就能直接使用。