最近有人问到这个问题,之前也一直没有深究联合索引具体使用逻辑,查阅多篇文章,并经过测试,得出一些结论
测试环境:SQL Server 2008 R2
测试结果与MySql联合索引查询机制类似,可以认为MySql是一样的原理
====================================================
联合索引概念:当系统中某几个字段经常要做查询,并且数据量较大,达到百万级别,可多个字段建成索引
使用规则:
1.最 左 原则,根据索引字段,由左往右依次and(where字段很重要,从左往右)
2.Or 不会使用联合索引
3.where语句中查询字段包含全部索引字段,字段顺序无关,可随意先后
4.数据量较少时,一般不会使用索引,数据库本身就会自动判断是否使用索引
=====================================================
测试脚本(部分借鉴其他作者的脚本):
/*创建测试数据表*/ create table MyTestTable ( id varchar(10)not null, parent varchar(40) not null, addtime datetime default(getdate()), intcolumn int default(10), bitcolumn bit default(1) ) go /*添加万条随机字符串测试数据耗时分钟*/ declare @count int=3557643 declare @i int =0 declare @id varchar(10),@parent varchar(40) while(@i<@count) begin select @id=left(newid(),10) if(@i % 20=0) begin select @parent=left(newid(),40) end insert MyTestTable(id,parent) values(@id,@parent) select @i=@i+1 end go
/×未建索引查询测试×/ declare @beginTime datetime =getdate() declare @elapsedSecond int =0 select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' and id='FD3687F4-1' select @elapsedSecond=DATEDIFF(MICROSECOND,@beginTime,GETDATE()) print '未建立索引时查找数据消耗微秒数' print @elapsedSecond select @beginTime=GETDATE() select * from MyTestTable where parent='F535C18F-BD48-4D45-88DF-9653BB9B422D' select @elapsedSecond=DATEDIFF(MICROSECOND,@beginTime,GETDATE()) print '未建立索引时查找第二列数据消耗微秒数' print @elapsedSecond
/*建立索引*/ alter table MyTestTable add constraint PK_id_parent primary key(id asc,parent asc) /*建立索引后的查询*/ declare @beginTime datetime =getdate() declare @elapsedSecond int =0 select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' and id='FD3687F4-1' select @elapsedSecond=DATEDIFF(MICROSECOND,@beginTime,GETDATE()) print '建立索引时查找数据消耗微秒数' print @elapsedSecond select @beginTime=GETDATE() select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' select @elapsedSecond=DATEDIFF(MICROSECOND,@beginTime,GETDATE()) print '建立索引后查找第二列数据消耗微秒数' print @elapsedSecond
/*索引使用测试结论*/ select * from MyTestTable where id='FD3687F4-1' --用索引 select * from MyTestTable where id='FD3687F4-1' and parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' and intcolumn>0 --用索引 select * from MyTestTable where id='FD3687F4-1' and intcolumn>0 and parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' --用索引 select * from MyTestTable where id='FD3687F4-1' and intcolumn>0 --用索引 select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' and id='FD3687F4-1' --用索引 select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' and intcolumn>0 --不用索引 select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' or id='FD3687F4-1' --不用索引