uname -a # 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息head -n 1 /etc/issue # 查看操作系统版本cat /proc/cpuinfo # 查看CPU信息hostname # 查看计算机名称lspci -tv # 列出所有PCI设备lsusb -tv # 列出所有USB设备lsmod # 列出加载的核心模块env # 检查环境变量
资源
free -m # 检查内存用量和交换区用量df -h # 检查各分区的使用情况du -sh <目录名> # 检查指定目录的大小grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # 检查内存总量grep MemFree /proc/meminfo # 查看空闲内存uptime # 检查系统运行时间、用户数量、负载cat /proc/loadavg # 检查系统负载
磁盘和分区
mount | column -t # 检查挂接分区状态fdisk -l # 检查所有分区swapon -s # 查看所有交换分区hdparm -i /dev/hda # 检查磁盘参数(仅适用于)IDE设备)dmesg | grep IDE # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状态
网络
ifconfig # 查看所有网络接口的属性iptables -L # 检查防火墙的设置route -n # 查看路由表netstat -lntp # 检查所有监听端口netstat -antp # 检查所有已建立的连接netstat -s # 查看网络统计信息
进程
ps -ef # 检查所有过程top # 过程状态实时显示
用户
w # 查看活动用户id <用户名> # 查看指定的用户信息last # 查看用户登录日志cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # 查看系统中的所有用户cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # 检查系统的所有组crontab -l # 查看当前用户的计划任务
服务
chkconfig --list # 列出所有系统服务chkconfig --list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务
程序
rpm -qa # 检查所有安装的软件包
查看网卡型号
lspci | grep Ethernet
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567V-2 Gigabit Network Connection
查看硬盘信息(查看硬盘型号和硬盘序列号):
df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda5 2.0G 272M 1.6G 15% //dev/sda8 199G 188M 189G 1% /home/dev/sda3 9.7G 1.3G 7.9G 15% /usr/dev/sda2 9.7G 198M 9.0G 3% /var/dev/sda1 99M 17M 77M 18% /boot
hdparm -i /dev/sda
/dev/sda: Model=SAMSUNG HE253GJ , FwRev=1AJ30001, SerialNo= S2B5J90ZC12060 Config={ Fixed }RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4 BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?16? CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=268435455 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabled Drive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-0 ATA/ATAPI-1 ATA/ATAPI-2 ATA/ATAPI-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5 ATA/ATAPI-6 ATA/ATAPI-7 * signifies the current active mode
dmesg | grep ATA
ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf190 ctl 0xf180 bmdma 0xf150 irq 185ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf170 ctl 0xf160 bmdma 0xf158 irq 185ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)ata1.00: ATA-8: SAMSUNG HE253GJ, 1AJ30001, max UDMA/133ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) Vendor: ATA Model: SAMSUNG HE253GJ Rev: 1AJ3ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf130 ctl 0xf120 bmdma 0xf0f0 irq 185ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf110 ctl 0xf100 bmdma 0xf0f8 irq 185ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata5: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xe040 ctl 0xe030 bmdma 0xe000 irq 177
检查主板型号：
dmidecode | more
# dmidecode 2.10SMBIOS 2.4 present.57 structures occupying 2318 bytes.Table at 0x000E84B0.Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytesBIOS Information Vendor: Intel Corp. Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019.2009.0625.1334 Release Date: 06/25/2009...System Information 服务器品牌 Manufacturer: Product Name: (无信息表示非品牌或未识别) Version: Serial Number: UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8 Wake-up Type: Power Switch SKU Number: Not Specified Family: Not SpecifiedHandle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytesBase Board Information 主板型号/主板信息 Manufacturer: Intel Corporation Product Name: DG43GT Version: AAE62768-300 Serial Number: BTGT9340022NProcessor Information CPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频 Socket Designation: PROCESSOR Type: Central Processor Family: Pentium D Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corp. ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10 Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E6500 @ 2.93GHz Voltage: 1.2 V External Clock: 266 MHz Max Speed: 4000 MHz Current Speed: 2931 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: Socket LGA775Cache Information 硬件和CPU缓存情况 Socket Designation: L1-Cache Con
figuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 32 kB Maximum Size: 32 kBBIOS Language Information BIOS语言 Installable Languages: 1 en|US|iso8859-1 Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1Physical Memory Array 主板最大支持内存 Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 16 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4Handle 0x002C, DMI type 19, 15 bytesMemory Array Mapped Address 目前的内存 Starting Address: 0x00000000000 Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF Range Size: 4 GB Physical Array Handle: 0x002B Partition Width: 0On Board Device Information 显卡型号 Type: Video Status: Enabled Description: Intelr GMA X4500 Video Device
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